Tuba/Euphonium
Different player level and tuba type/size will vary the sound of the instrument, but this is range of most tubas:
The Tuba is the lowest instrument in the Brass family. While it might always sound like an instrument that only plays low notes, it is actually very versatile as does not have one standard pitch. Tubas can be found in B flat, C, E flat and F. It commonly notated in non-transposing Bass Clef.
Check out the video up the top of a “Big” C or B flat tuba. These types of tuba make a really low and deep sound, really good for setting harmonic foundation in writing for solo works, chamber ensembles to wind bands and orchestras.
Here is an example of a “small” tuba, i.e. a tuba in E flat or F.
Notice how the sound and tone colour is slightly different. This type of tuba, while still able to play low notes , has the ability to play higher than a “big” Bb or C tuba. As a composer, this gives you a wider palette of tone colour to write for. You have many options to chose from when writing for tuba.